Coughing and Back Pain: Causes, Remedies, and Prevention

Coughing is a reflex action designed to help clear the airways of irritants and mucus. While it's a normal bodily function, some people may experience back pain when they cough, or the reflex itself makes the existing back pain worse. This article aims to explore the possible causes of back pain when coughing and provide insights into ways to relieve the discomfort, may it be home remedies or other treatment options available in clinics and hospitals.

How Coughing Works

The cough reflex is a protective mechanism that helps to clear the airway of any foreign substances or irritants. It is an involuntary response triggered by the stimulation of sensory receptors in the respiratory tract. The importance of the cough reflex lies in its ability to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs, maintain airway patency, and protect the respiratory system.

The muscles involved in the cough reflex include the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and muscles of the larynx. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract forcefully, causing a rapid inspiration of air. This is followed by a closure of the glottis, preventing air from escaping. The abdominal muscles then contract forcefully, increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Finally, the glottis opens suddenly, and a forceful expiration occurs, expelling air and any foreign substances.

Possible Causes of Back Pain When Coughing

While coughing on its own is a reflex aiming to protect our bodies from the possible harm that foreign objects may cause, persistent or chronic cough may cause problems, including lower back pain, which may be brought by the cough reflex or may have been exacerbated by the said reflex.

Muscle Strain

One of the most common causes of back pain when coughing is muscle strain. Excessive or repetitive coughing can strain the muscles in the back, leading to discomfort and pain. The strained muscles may become inflamed, causing further pain when coughing.

Muscle Spasms

Muscle spasms are another possible cause of back pain during coughing. When the muscles in the back contract involuntarily, it can result in intense pain. Coughing can trigger these spasms, exacerbating the discomfort.

Torn Ligament

A torn ligament in the back can also lead to back pain when coughing. Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect bones, providing stability. If a ligament in the back gets torn or stretched, coughing can put additional strain on the injured area, causing pain.

Herniated Disc

A herniated disc occurs when the soft centre of a spinal disc protrudes through a crack in the tough outer layer. Coughing itself does not directly cause a herniated disc, but it can exacerbate existing disc issues.

When you cough, it creates pressure and dynamic overloading on the spinal discs, which can lead to severe nerve compression and pain in the lower back. If you already have a herniated disc, coughing can increase the pressure on the affected area, causing pain and discomfort.

It's also important to note that a herniated disc can also be caused by factors such as age-related wear and tear, trauma, or a back injury.

Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, which can put pressure on the nerves in the back. Coughing can further induce nerve compression, leading to back pain. People with spinal stenosis may experience relief when leaning forward or sitting down.

Lung Disease

In some cases, back pain when coughing may be a symptom of an underlying lung disease. Conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or lung cancer can cause coughing and back pain simultaneously. If you experience persistent back pain when coughing, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any potential lung issues.

Ways to Relieve Back Pain When Coughing

If you are experiencing back pain when coughing, there are several ways to alleviate the discomfort. Here are some effective strategies to relieve lower back pain when coughing:

Home Remedies for Pain Relief

Home remedies can provide temporary relief from back pain. Applying a hot or cold pack to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and numb the pain. Additionally, practising good posture, using a supportive pillow while sleeping, and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain can aid in recovery.

Cold and Heat Therapy

Cold and heat therapy are two common methods used to relieve back pain, and alternating them may be especially beneficial in relieving back pain.

Cold therapy, often applied using an ice pack, involves the application of cold to the affected area. It constricts blood vessels, reduces inflammation, and numbs the area, providing temporary pain relief. Ice packs should be applied for about 10 to 15 minutes three times a day.

Heat therapy, on the other hand, widens blood vessels, increases blood flow, and relaxes muscles. This method is more effective for larger muscle groups. Moist heat, such as using a warm towel, can be applied up to twenty minutes at a time.

"Bracing" Techniques

Bracing techniques while coughing involve using specific postures or movements to provide support and stability to the back, thereby reducing strain and minimising the risk of exacerbating back pain. These techniques aim to distribute the force generated during coughing more evenly across the body, minimising the impact on the back muscles and structures.

Bracing techniques may include holding onto a stable object, such as a chair or countertop while coughing or using a cushion or pillow to support the back. These techniques can help in relieving back pain by reducing the strain on the affected area and promoting proper alignment of the spine.

Incorporate Ergonomic Modifications

Ergonomic modifications refer to changes made to the workspace or seating arrangement to promote better posture and reduce strain on the back, especially helpful to those who need to sit in their chairs for long periods. These modifications can include using lumbar chair support, incorporating lumbar support into office chairs, and making adjustments to the seating position.

Lumbar chair support provides additional support to the lower back, helping to maintain the natural curve of the spine and reduce pressure on the back. This can help relieve back pain by promoting proper posture. Additionally, leaning forward slightly while sitting can further align the spine and reduce pressure on the back.

Ergonomic modifications can also improve blood flow and circulation, which can alleviate discomfort, avoid chronic back pain, and promote overall well-being

Medication

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce back pain caused by muscle strain or inflammation. These medications can provide temporary relief and should be used as directed. Similarly, corticosteroid injections are another type of medication that can help relieve pain in the back.

NSAIDs

NSAIDs, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are medications commonly used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. They can be purchased over the counter or by prescription. NSAIDs are often recommended for back pain relief, especially when it is caused by inflammation in muscles, ligaments, joints, bones, or other tissues. They work by blocking enzymes involved in inflammation and pain production, primarily targeting COX-1 and COX-2.

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections, also known as epidural steroid injections (ESIs), are a common treatment for back pain caused by conditions such as herniated discs and radiculopathy. These injections involve the delivery of corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, directly into the epidural space of the spine.

The main mechanism of action is believed to be the reduction of the inflammatory process at the site of injection. Corticosteroids possess strong anti-inflammatory properties and can effectively decrease swelling and inflammation surrounding spinal nerves.

Massage Therapy

Massage therapy is a treatment that involves manipulating the muscles and soft tissues of the body to promote relaxation and alleviate pain.

Massage therapy can be particularly beneficial for relieving back pain by addressing muscle knots, also known as myofascial trigger points. Muscle knots are tight areas of muscle tissue that can cause pain and discomfort.

Massage therapists can use various techniques, such as myofascial release and deep tissue massage, to apply pressure and break up these knots, promoting circulation and providing relief from discomfort.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can be beneficial in managing back pain caused by muscle strain or other related issues. A qualified physical therapist can design a personalized exercise program that focuses on strengthening the muscles in the back and improving flexibility. They may also use techniques such as massage, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or ultrasound therapy to alleviate pain and promote healing.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is a branch of healthcare that focuses on optimizing movement, function, and overall well-being. Physiotherapists like our highly qualified ones at Phoenix Rehab use various techniques and exercises to treat and prevent physical injuries and conditions. Physiotherapy for back pain in Singapore can help relieve back pain by reducing muscle spasms, addressing muscle weakness, and relieving muscle tension.

To reduce muscle spasms, physiotherapists may employ techniques such as massage, which can help decrease pain and promote relaxation. By targeting specific muscles and using manual therapy techniques, they can help decrease the intensity and frequency of muscle spasms.

Physiotherapists can also address muscle weakness through targeted exercises and strengthening techniques. Strengthening the muscles around the spine and core can help provide better support and stability, reducing the risk of further injury and alleviating back pain.

Surgery

In rare cases where conservative treatments fail to relieve back pain, surgery may be considered. Surgical intervention is typically reserved for severe cases, such as herniated discs or spinal stenosis, where other treatments have proven ineffective. It's essential to consult with a spine specialist to determine if surgery is the right option for you.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While most cases of back pain when coughing resolve on their own with proper rest and care, there are instances where medical attention is necessary. You should seek medical assistance if:

The pain is severe and persistent, even at rest.

You experience numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.

There is a loss of bowel or bladder control.

The pain is accompanied by difficulty breathing or coughing up blood.

Final Words

Back pain when coughing can be a discomforting experience, but it is often a result of muscle strain or minor issues. However, if the pain persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment. By understanding the possible causes and implementing appropriate remedies, you can alleviate back pain and promote a healthier, pain-free life.